The Effect of Massage and Progressive Relaxation Exercises on Pain Intensity and Menstrual Symptoms in Students With Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

A total of 97 female students, 50 in the intervention group and 47 in the control group, were included in this pretest-posttest design randomized controlled study. Massage and progressive relaxation exercises are self-administered practices that are easy to adopt, with no side effects, and have beneficial effects on pain, sweating, fatigue, and gastrointestinal and central nervous system signs. So, it can be asserted that when applied together, massage and progressive relaxation exercises could be more effective in reducing menstrual symptoms than applying them separately.

The Effect of Video-Assisted Clean Intermittent Catheterization Training on Patients' Practical Skills and Self-Confidence.

PURPOSE: This research was carried out in order to examine the effect of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) training with a video developed by the researchers on patients' ability to practice CIC and self-confidence. METHODS: The population of the study consisted of patients who had just started performing CIC in the urology polyclinic of a city hospital in Istanbul. The sample consisted of a total of 80 patients, 40 of whom were in the experimental group and 40 in the control group. The experimental group patients were given CIC training with a training video that was downloaded to the mobile phone of the patient, a family member, or caregiver. The patients' practice skills were evaluated by 2 independent observers. The DISCERN Inquiry Form and the Global Quality Score, the Patient Information Form, the CIC Skill Checklist and the Self-Confidence Scale in Clean Intermittent Self-Catheterization were used to collect data. RESULTS: In the experimental group, consisting of patients who received video-assisted training, the mean scores for the CIC Skill Checklist and the Self-Confidence Scale in Clean Intermittent Self-Catheterization were statistically significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.001), the experience of feeling pain during catheterization was less than in the control group, and the patients in the experimental group experienced statistically significantly fewer complications such as urinary tract infections, urgency, urinary incontinence, hematuria and urethral stricture (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Video-assisted CIC training had a positive effect on patients' practical skills and self-confidence.

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Barriers to Nurses' Use of Physical Assessment scale.

AIM: This study aimed to translate the Barriers to Nurses' Use of Physical Assessment Scale into Turkish and assess the new version's validity and reliability. METHODS: This was a methodological study to verify the linguistic equivalence of the scale through the translation/back-translation method. Twelve experts in health assessment confirmed the scale's content validity. Along with the Barriers to Nurses' Use of Physical Assessment Scale, an information form, including socio-demographic features, was distributed to 380 nurses, who consented to participate in the research. Data were collected between July 2017 and April 2018. Internal consistency, factor analysis and test-retest reliability were used to determine consistency over time and intraclass correlations. RESULTS: The content validity index of the scale (0.963) was calculated following confirmation of its language equivalence. With the confirmatory factor analysis, it was determined that the fit index values were at an acceptable level and the model was suitable. The factor analysis clustered factors in seven domains. The overall internal consistency coefficient was 0.822. All subscales and the overall scale showed high intraclass correlations. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the Barriers to Nurses' Use of Physical Assessment Scale is a valid and reliable instrument.

Effects of Swallowing Training and Follow-up on the Problems Associated with Dysphagia in Patients with Stroke.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of poststroke swallowing training and follow-up on swallowing function, nutritional status, and the development of problems associated with dysphagia. METHOD: This study was designed as a single-group, pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental study and was conducted with 32 patients, who met the inclusion criteria for the study and were hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute stroke in the neurology clinic of a training and research hospital between June 2010 and September 2011. The patients were provided with swallowing training, followed up during meals, and given a training brochure. The Structured Information Form, the Standardized Mini Mental Test, the Barthel Index, and the Bedside Water Drinking Assessment Test were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 16.0 program using descriptive and comparative statistical methods. TREND statement was followed for reporting. RESULTS: It was determined that there was a statistically highly significant difference (p < .01) between the mean total score of the bedside water drinking assessment test after training compared with before the swallowing training, the duration of eating shortened (p < .01), and the amount of food consumed increased (p < .01) in the first follow-up. It was determined that the patients stayed in the hospital for an average of 9.75 ± 3.44 days; and aspiration occurred in 9.4% of them during this period. It was observed that patients who developed aspiration had prior lung problems. CONCLUSION: It was observed that swallowing training decreased the duration of eating and increased the amount of food consumed in patients with stroke and resulting dysphagia. It was considered that the implementation of the training and the follow-up of swallowing function could be useful in preventing the development of problems.

Evaluation of YouTube Videos Regarding Clean Intermittent Catheterization Application.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) training and education videos on YouTube. METHODS: This study was conducted in English language in descriptive type to evaluate the content, reliability, and quality of Internet videos related to CIC training. The search was performed by using term "clean intermittent catheterization" and "intermittent self catheterization" on YouTube in August 2019. The content of the selected videos was analyzed by 2 independent experts in the field. The DISCERN questionnaire was used to analyze the reliability of the video and the global quality score (GQS) was used for the quality of the video. RESULTS: When the contents of the 64 videos included in the study were examined, it was found that 41 of them contained useful information and 23 of them contained misleading information. DISCERN scores, video coverage scores, and GQS of videos with useful information were found to be statistically higher than those with misleading information (P<0.001). When the sources of the videos were examined, it was seen that 78.05% of the videos containing useful information were published by medical advertisement/for-profit companies (P<0.001). The reliability scores, coverage scores, and GQS of the videos from medical advertisement/for-profit companies were significantly higher than the other sources (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, it was seen that the majority of YouTube CIC training videos examined within the scope of the research were published by medical advertisement/for-profit companies and most of these videos contain useful information.

The Effect of Active Warming on Postoperative Hypothermia on Body Temperature and Thermal Comfort: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of active warming method in temperature control and thermal comfort in hypothermia after surgery. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 64 male and female postanesthesia care unit and intensive care unit neurosurgery postoperative inpatients. The experimental group was warmed using the active warming method, and the control group's routine care was continued via a cotton blanket. Patients were warmed until their tympanic body temperature reached 37°C. FINDINGS: The time needed to adequately warm patients was approximately twice as short in those who received active warming as compared with the control group. The perception of thermal comfort was significantly higher in the first hour in patients who received the active warming method (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The active warming method resulted in a shorter time to warming in hypothermia after surgery and an increase in the perception of thermal comfort and body temperature.

Use of Silver-Containing Hydrofiber and Chlorhexidine-Impregnated Tulle Gras Dressings for Second-Degree Burns.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the use of silver-containing hydrofiber and chlorhexidine-impregnated tulle gras dressings for second-degree burns. METHODS: This randomized clinical study consisted of 60 patients with second-degree burns. Data were collected using a Patient Identification Form, Wound Assessment Form, and Pain Assessment Scale. Following dressing application, wounds were assessed on days 7, 15, and 22. Study procedures were continued until full epithelialization occurred. RESULTS: After the seventh day of follow-up, significant improvement was noted in the experimental group in terms of wound exudate, wound debridement, pain intensity, and analgesic agent administration. After the 15th day of follow-up, there was a significant decrease in epithelialization time in the experimental group. Exudate control was better in patients whose burns were treated with silver-containing hydrofiber dressings, and they needed less debridement and fewer analgesics because of infrequent dressing changes. Lower pain scores were reported, the burn area reduced more quickly, and faster epithelialization and wound healing were achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that silver-containing hydrofiber dressings are an effective wound care material that improve the wound healing process. More studies comparing it and other wound care materials could improve the quality of healthcare for patients with burns.

The relationship amongst student nurses' values, emotional intelligence and individualised care perceptions.

BACKGROUND: Students' gaining and adopting basic professional values, improving their emotional intelligence skills during the process of nursing education plays a significant role on meeting the needs of healthy/patient individual and his or her family, and individualized care practices. OBJECTIVES: This (descriptive, correlational) research was carried out to evaluate the nursing values, emotional intelligence levels, and individualized care perceptions of senior nursing students and to determine the relationship between them. RESEARCH QUESTION: (1) What is the status of students to adopt nursing values? (2) What is the level of students' emotional intelligence? (3) What is the students' individualized care perception? (4) Is there a relationship between students' nursing values, levels of emotional intelligence, and individualized perceptions of care? PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: The research was carried out with 218 senior nursing students at the Faculty of Nursing, affiliated to a state university in Istanbul, who agreed to participate in the study, completing basic nursing education in May 2017. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Clinical Investigations of the Istanbul University Dentistry Faculty. Written permission was also obtained from the institution that research would be conducted. Before the data were collected, verbal permission was obtained by the investigator. FINDINGS: It was observed that nursing values perceptions of students, emotional intelligence levels and individualized care perceptions were at a good level and there was a supportive relationship between them in the positive direction. It was determined that emotional intelligence skills of students, adoption of nursing values and individualized care perceptions increased in parallel with each other. CONCLUSION: In nursing education, nursing values peculiar to affective field, caring behaviors, and emotional intelligence skills that are guiding to maintain and direct these behaviors should be gained to students by supporting with correct learning methods and role models.

Effects of Listening to Music on the Comfort of Chemotherapy Patients.

The symptoms of an illness that requires chemotherapy and the corresponding effects of such treatment exacerbate the pain and discomfort that patients typically experience. Listening to music may help patients cope with chemotherapy symptoms, thereby contributing to their physical ease and well-being. Seventy patients who were receiving treatment at the outpatient chemotherapy unit were invited to participate in this work. During chemotherapy sessions and the week after the sessions, the patients listened to music with headphones. The occurrence of chemotherapy symptoms such as pain, tiredness, nausea, depression, anxiety, drowsiness, lack of appetite, not feeling well, and shortness of breath in the intervention group was statistically significant after listening to music ( p < .05). Improvements in total general comfort, as well as physical, psychospiritual, and sociocultural comfort, were also statistically significant ( p < .05). These findings indicate that listening to music effectively reduces the severity of chemotherapy symptoms and enhances the comfort of patients receiving the treatment.

Delirium assessment in intensive care units: practices and perceptions of Turkish nurses.

BACKGROUND: As delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is a serious problem that can result in increased mortality and morbidity, routine delirium assessment of all ICU patients is recommended. The severity, duration and outcome of the syndrome are directly related to nurses' continuous assessment of patients for signs and symptoms of delirium. However, studies indicate that very few nurses monitor for delirium as a part of their daily practices. AIM: The aim of this study was to identify current practices and perceptions of intensive care nurses regarding delirium assessment and to examine the factors that affect these practices and perceptions. DESIGN: A descriptive, correlational study design was used. METHODS: Data were collected from five Turkish public hospitals using a structured survey questionnaire. The study sample comprised 301 nurses who agreed to participate. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: More than half of the nurses performed delirium assessments. However, the proportion of nurses who use delirium assessment tools was quite low. Almost all of the nurses perceived delirium as a problem and serious problem for ICU patients. The patient group least monitored for delirium was that of unconscious patients. Statistically significant differences were found in the proportion of nurses who assessed delirium symptoms and whose care delivery system was patient-centred and perceived delirium as a serious problem. CONCLUSION: While a majority of ICU nurses perceived delirium as a problem and serious problem, the proportion of those who perform routine delirium assessments was less. It was found that delirium assessment practices of nurses were affected from their perceptions of delirium and the implementation of patient-centred care delivery. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: It is essential to develop strategies to encourage ICU nurses to perform delirium assessments through the use of delirium assessment tools.

Turkish and American Undergraduate Students' Attitudes Toward HIV/AIDS Patients: A Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a complex healthcare problem. Research has demonstrated that negative attitudes affect healthcare provision. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to compare nursing students' attitudes using the AIDS Attitude Scale (AAS). SETTINGS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in nursing schools in Istanbul, Turkey, and in Upstate New York (NY). PARTICIPANTS: Baccalaureate nursing students (n = 613) from both countries completed the questionnaire. METHODS: Demographic data, overall AAS attitudes, and attitudes within each subscale were compared. Analyses included frequency and percentages of the grouped variables, arithmetic means and standard deviations, t-test for independent samples, and multiple analysis of variance. RESULTS: Upstate NY students' mean total AAS scores were significantly more positive toward HIV+ patients than Turkish students'. Scores for Professional Resistance and Emotions subscales were significantly more positive for the Upstate NY students, but Fear of Contagion was not. Upstate NY students had more negative attitudes in the contexts of job risk and eating in a restaurant where the chef has AIDS; more professional resistance to referring patients and training specialists for HIV/AIDS patients; and lower tender feelings for people with HIV/AIDS (p < .01 for each). CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in students' attitudes is beneficial for promoting nonjudgmental, compassionate care for the HIV+ population.

The relationship between individualized care and the practice environment: an international study.

BACKGROUND: Previous research studies have found that the better the quality of practice environments in hospitals, the better the outcomes for nurses and patients. Practice environment may influence nurses' ability to individualize care but the detailed relationship between individualized care and the professional practice environment has not been investigated widely. Some evidence exists about the association of practice environments with the level of individualization of nursing care, but this evidence is based on single national studies. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether nurses' views of their professional practice environment associate with their views of the level of care individualization in seven countries. DESIGN: This study had an international, multisite, prospective, cross-sectional, exploratory survey design. SETTINGS: The study involved acute orthopedic and trauma surgical inpatient wards (n=91) in acute care hospitals (n=34) in seven countries, Cyprus, Finland, Greece, the State of Kansas, USA, Portugal, Sweden, and Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: Nurses (n=1163), registered or licensed practical, working in direct patient care, in orthopedic and trauma inpatient units in acute care hospitals in seven countries participated in the study. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires, including two instruments, the Revised Professional Practice Environment and the Individualized Care Scale-Nurse (Individualized Care Scale-Nurse A and B) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed statistically using descriptive statistics, simultaneous multiple regression analysis, and generalized linear model. RESULTS: Two regression models were applied to assess the predictive validity of the Revised Professional Practice Environment on the Individualized Care Scale-Nurse-A and B. The results showed that elements of the professional practice environment were associated with care individualization. Internal work motivation, cultural sensitivity, control over practice, teamwork, and staff relationship with physicians were predictors of support (Individualized Care Scale-A) for and the delivery (Individualized Care Scale-B) of individualized care. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide evidence that environment aspect could explain variations in care individualization. These findings support the assertion that individualized care needs to be understood in a broader context than the immediate nurse-patient relationship and that careful development of the care environment may be an effective way to improve care quality and outcomes.

Nurses' sociodemographic background and assessments of individualized care.

AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the association between nurses' characteristics (educational level, country, work title, gender, type of work, age, and length of working experience) and their assessments of individualized care. DESIGN: A cross-sectional comparative survey using questionnaires was employed to sample nurses from seven countries. METHODS: Data were collected from orthopedic and trauma nurses from Cyprus, Finland, Greece, Portugal, Sweden, Turkey, and the United States (N= 1,163, response rate 70%) using the Individualized Care Scale-Nurse (ICS-Nurse) and a sociodemographic questionnaire in 2008. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and general linear models. RESULTS: When compared with practical nurses, registered nurses, length of working experience, and the country of the nurses were associated with assessments of the support of patient individuality in specific nursing activities (ICS-A-Nurse) and country assessments of individuality in the care provided (ICS-B-Nurse). The background and experience within nursing teams together with the country affect the delivery of individualized care. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our findings suggest that nurses' personal attributes have important effects on their assessments of individualized nursing care that will be useful when making context-dependent recruitment decisions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The characteristics of nurses contribute to the care delivered in healthcare organizations. Recognition of these nurse-related factors may help nurse leaders in the development and management of clinical practice.

A seven country comparison of nurses' perceptions of their professional practice environment.

Papastavrou E., Efstathiou G., Acaroglu R., da Luz M.D.A., Berg A., Idvall E., Kalafati M., Kanan N., Katajisto J., Leino-Kilpi H., Lemonidou C., Sendir M., Sousa V.D. & Suhonen R. (2011) Journal of Nursing Management A seven country comparison of nurses' perceptions of their professional practice environment Aims To describe and compare nurses' perceptions of their professional practice environment in seven countries. Background There is evidence of variation in the nursing professional practice environments internationally. These different work environments affect nurses' ability to perform and are linked to differing nurse and patient outcomes. Methods A descriptive, comparative survey was used to collect data from orthopaedic and trauma nurses (n = 1156) in Finland, Cyprus, Greece, Portugal, Sweden, Turkey and Kansas, USA using the 39-item Revised Professional Practice Environment instrument. Results Differences were found between participants from the northern countries of Europe, Kansas, USA, and the Mediterranean countries regarding perceptions about control over practice. No between-country differences were reported in the internal work motivation among the nurses from any of the participating countries. Conclusions Although between-country differences in nurses' professional practice environment were found, difficulties related to demographic, cultural and health system differences and the way in which nursing is defined in each country need to be considered in the interpretation of the results. Implications for Nursing Management The results support investment to improve nurse's work environment, which is important for improving the quality of patient care, optimizing patient outcomes and developing the nursing workforce.

Nurses' perceptions of individualized care: an international comparison.

AIM: This paper is a report of a study of internationally-based differences in nurses' perceptions of individualized care in orthopaedic surgical in-patient wards. BACKGROUND: Individualized care is valued in healthcare policy, practice and ethical statements as an indicator of care quality. However, nurses' assessments of individualized care are limited and comparative cross-cultural studies on individualized nursing care are lacking. METHODS: A descriptive comparative survey was used to sample orthopaedic surgical nurses (n = 1163) working in 91 inpatient wards in 34 acute hospitals in Finland, Cyprus, Greece, Portugal, Sweden, Turkey and the United States of America. Data were collected between March and November 2009 using the Individualized Care Scale-Nurse and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Nurses in different countries perceived that they supported patients' individuality generally and provided individualized care during nursing activities. Although the highest scores were in support of patients' individuality in the clinical situation both through nursing provision and nurses' perceptions of individuality, there were between-country differences within these scores. Generally, the Greek and American nurses gave the highest scores and the Turkish, Cypriot and Portuguese nurses the lowest. CONCLUSIONS: Between-country differences found may be attributed to differing roles of nurses, care processes, healthcare systems and/or the ways nursing care is defined and organized. As this was the first time the Individualized Care Scale-Nurse was used in an international context, the results are formative and indicate the need to continue studies in this area.

Evaluation of night-time pain characteristics and quality of sleep in postoperative Turkish orthopedic patients.

This descriptive, correlational study was conducted to determine orthopedic patients' night-time pain characteristics, their quality of sleep and the contributing factors to poor sleep experiences, and the relationship between pain and sleep. Data were collected by using the McGill Pain Questionnaire-SF (MPQ-SF) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) on the second postoperative day. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 10.0 for Windows. Mean age of the 75 patients was 49.55 ± 21.10 years and were hospitalized in the orthopedic wards for 10.56 ± 14.74 days. Of the sample, 65.3% were female and 36% had hip/knee arthroplasty surgery. Pain (45%) and noise (23%) were found to be the most cited factors affecting the sleep of patients in postoperative periods. They experienced "external" pain at the surgical site and verbalized their pain as "stabbing" and "tiring-exhausting." Patients' night-time pain was determined to be severe (6.59 ± 1.62); their quality of sleep was also poor (9.24 ± 3.53). A statistically significant correlation was found between patients' pain intensity and quality of sleep (p≤.05).

Reliability and validity of Turkish version of the Individualised Care Scale.

AIMS: To validate an English version of the Individualised Care Scale for use with a Turkish population and evaluate its validity and reliability. BACKGROUND: Studies about the evaluation of nursing care from the patients' perspective are becoming more important. No valid and reliable instruments are available in Turkey for evaluating individualised care from the patients' perspective. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey design. METHODS: Standard forward-back translation techniques were used to obtain semantic equivalence of the Individualised Care Scale. An expert panel considered the translations and provided content validation. A convenience sample of 120 predischarged patients participated in a survey conducted on neurosurgical and orthopaedic wards in a university hospital in Istanbul 2006. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and item analysis established the internal consistency and factor analysis the construct validity of the Individualised Care Scale. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0·92 for Individualised Care Scale-A and 0·93 for Individualised Care Scale-B. A principal component analysis supported the construct validity by generating a three-factor solution, which accounted for 65% of the variance in the Individualised Care Scale-A and 62% in the Individualised Care Scale-B. Pearson's correlation coefficients in this data were at least 0·84 between the sub-scales and the total domain Individualised Care Scale-A or Individualised Care Scale-B. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the Individualised Care Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring patients' evaluations of individualised care. The results of this study provide cross-cultural evidence for the usefulness of the Individualised Care Scale. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The information obtained by the Individualised Care Scale will help nurses to identify areas where developmental work could be undertaken to provide individualised care.

Reliability and validity of Turkish version of clinical stress questionnaire.

This study was conducted for the purpose of testing the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Clinical Stress Questionnaire, which was developed to examine the stress that nursing students experience in their first clinical experiences that are threatening or challenging. The study sample was comprised of 80 first-year nursing students who had their first clinical practice experience. Internal consistency of the total questionnaire was Cronbach's alpha=0.70 and the factor analysis supported the original construct. Based on these results the Turkish version of the Clinical Stress Questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable instrument.

Levels of anxiety and ways of coping of family members of patients hospitalized in the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the levels of anxiety and ways of coping of family members of patients hospitalized in the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit (NICU). METHODS: The descriptive study was carried out with the families of 120 patients hospitalized in the NICU of a University Hospital in Turkey, between November 2005 and July 2006. Data were collected using a questionnaire for demographical information, The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Ways of Coping Inventory. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out with SPSS software, using arithmetic mean and standard deviation, percentage, t test, Kruskall Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and correlation analyses. RESULTS: Of the family members evaluated, 56.7% were males and the mean age of the family members was 34.7+/-11.13. The average score for the State Anxiety was 47.03+/-9.55, and Trait Anxiety was 44.11+/-7.62. Financial problems were the main source of anxiety, being experienced by 56.7% of the participants due to hospitalization of the patient in the intensive care unit. Submissive and helpless coping styles were observed more frequently, as the level of anxiety increased. CONCLUSION: In light of these findings, it has been found that members of the families of the patients hospitalized in the NICU experienced a significant amount of anxiety, and that they faced difficulties in coping with anxiety, indicating that they require help and support.

Knowledge and attitudes of mariners about AIDS in Turkey.

Given the significant high risks of both being exposed to the virus and spreading it, mariners traveling across countries on a regular basis fall into one of the top-priority populations of those to whom education on HIV/AIDS should be given. However, there have been no reports regarding HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes on the part of mariners in Turkey. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of defining the knowledge and attitudes of 660 Turkish mariners. Data were determined using a self-completed questionnaire. Percentage and mean scores were used in data analysis. Results show that the mariners' knowledge was inadequate (mean score was 52.31 +/- 20.46 over a total of 100 points). The lowest knowledge pertained to HIV/AIDS prevention (mean score was 44.62 +/- 19.97). About half of the mariners considered themselves to be in the risk group. Very few of them (10%) have had an AIDS test. Most (68%) were informed about HIV/AIDS by the media. These results show that the mariners need to increase HIV/AIDS knowledge about prevention, transmission, treatment information, motivation, and behavioral skills to decrease HIV/AIDS risky behaviors. The mariners had the least knowledge about HIV/AIDS protection. Having a critical role in preventing the transmission and spreading of diseases, nurses should conduct more extensive and advanced research into HIV/AIDS and assume educational and counseling responsibilities in illuminating society.